Category Archives: timeline

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Lawrence Hall (1926) Stillman Hall (1927) (p. 296)

Lawrence Hall was also completed in 1926. The gift of Colonel Austen Colgate, a Trustee since 1898, it was named in honor of his friend and former pastor, Dr. William M. Lawrence, President of the University Trustees, (1905-12), and since 1912, Lecturer in Christian Ethics and Homiletics in the Seminary. The architect was Walter B. Chambers, New York, who designed the three remaining buildings of the Cutten administration. Its classrooms were assigned to the Departments of Classics, German, Mathematics, Romance Languages, History and Politics, and English and thus congestion in other classroom buildings was relieved.

The second dormitory of the Cutten period was Stillman Hall which Edward H. Harkness, the benefactor of Harvard and Yale, gave in memory of his father-in-law, Thomas Edgar Stillman, Class of 1859, a prominent New York lawyer. It was opened in 1927 for the exclusive use of freshmen.

Huntington Gym (p. 295)

The first of the new buildings of the Cutten period was the dormitory, Andrews Hall, made possible by the bequest of Richard M. Colgate, supplemented by gifts from his brothers. Designed in “collegiate Tudor” by Frederick H. Gouge and William M. Ames of Utica, it was completed in 1923 and named for the late Newton Lloyd Andrews, beloved dean and Professor of Greek.

The gymnasium was the second of the new buildings. As early as 1911 “Doc” Huntington had pointed out that the rapidly expanding enrollment had made the old gymnasium most inadequate and soon plans were underway to replace it. Actual construction, however, had to wait until 1924 when alumni and students, led by George W. Cobb, ’94, President of the Alumni Corporation, and Clarence J. Myers, ’20, staged an enthusiastic and successful drive to raise the necessary funds to supplement those already pledged and those contributed in the 1920 financial campaigns. Under the direction of Franklin B. Ware, architect of New York, the building, including the swimming pool, the gift of James C. Colgate, was completed in 1926. Named in tribute to the beloved Dr. Ellery Channing Huntington, the “grand old man of Colgate athletics,” it proved admirably suited to the University’s needs. The old gymnasium which it was planned to convert into a student union and Y building, was destroyed by fire only a few weeks before its successor was ready for occupancy.

Seminary moved to Rochester; Colgate becomes non-denominational college (p. 289)

as Dean of Students in 1931. Carl A. Kallgren, ’17, formerly a member of the English Department and more recently a pastor in Binghamton, followed him in office in 1933.

After a reorganization of the curriculum the academic departments were grouped into six “schools” in 1928-Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Social Sciences, Philosophy and Religion, Fine Arts, and Languages-and in 1936 a seventh, Physical Education and Athletics was added. Directors were appointed for four of them-Dr. Bewkes (Philosophy and Religion) and Rodney L. Mott, Ph.D., Wisconsin, 1922, and a former member of the University of Chicago faculty who was made both Professor of Politics and a director (Social Sciences) in 1934; and Leo L. Rockwell, Ph.D., New York University, of the University of Michigan was made both Professor of English Literature and a director (Languages) and William A. Reid, ’18, Graduate Manager of Athletics since 1919 and Associate Professor of Physical Education (Physical Education and Athletics) in 1936. They took over many administrative duties usually associated with the office of a dean of the faculty, including those relating to personnel and budgets.

Another important administrative change which seems to have come about primarily through the President’s leadership was the removal of the Seminary to Rochester to be merged with its counterpart in that city. From time to time since the 1850’s denominational leaders had proposed that Baptist theological seminaries in the East unite and in 1914 an abortive attempt was made to join Newton and Colgate. By 1925 there was mounting criticism of the latter because its development lagged behind that of the College and its curriculum lacked essential courses, especially those relating to practical church problems. Following a three-way discussion involving Newton, Colgate andRochester the two latter institutions reached an agreement which the Baptist Education Society at Hamilton and the New York Baptist Union at Rochester duly ratified in 1926. William C. Eaton, ’69, viewing the action as a betrayal of the principles his father, President Eaton, had fought for in the Removal Controversy of 1847-50, protested but he was unable to win many adherents to his position. As authorized by an act of the New York State Legislature in 1927, action was brought in the courts which led tothe vacating of the injunction of 1850, so far as it related to the Seminary, and the way was cleared for cancelling the Compact of 1893 between the Education Society and

George B. Cutten becomes president (p. 284)

Chapter XIV – THE CUTTEN PERIOD, 1922-1942

As a concluding portion of the festivities for the inauguration of George Barton Cutten on October 7, 1922, the Colgate football team played Allegheny College on Whitnall Field. Several thousand spectators, undaunted by the forecast of rain, came out to welcome the new president and cheer the players. As the game progressed and the skies teemed, the visitors forsook their seats for shelter, though the under-graduates to a man stood by, sending out songs and yells to the team in Maroon until they left the field with a 19 to 0 victory. Following the game as the students rose and sang the “Alma Mater” they saw in the opposite bleachers a man standing alone in the pouring rain, his friends and guests gone, his hat in his hand and his head bowed as he paid respect to the song. He was the new President and by this gesture he won their admiration and affection. He had demonstrated to them independence, loyalty to the University, a keen interest in football, and a rugged unconcern for inclement weather-characteristics for which he would long be remembered.

Dr. Cutten was no stranger to Colgate, having been asked in 1909 to succeed William Newton Clarke in the Seminary and having received the D.D. degree in 1911. A Nova Scotian, he graduated from Acadia University in 1896, and later earned an A.B. and Ph.D. at Yale where his major interest was psychology. He then served as Baptist pastor in Connecticut, New York, and Ohio prior to returning to his Alma Mater in 1910 for a very successful presidency before being called to Colgate.He was soon a familiar figure on campus leading the daily chapel services, striding along its paths without an overcoat no matter how low the temperature, or intently watching football practice-he had played center at Yale-and while pastor in Columbus had been one of the coaches of the Ohio State team. Students quickly learned that the

Students Army Training Corps (p. 282)

became head coach for 1920-21. For both coaches and players no one was more helpful than Jack F. Rourke who came to Colgate in 1910 as athletic trainer and track coach. His understanding and kindly Irish wit were as important for morale as his massages, wintergreen oil, and miles of tape for injured arms and legs.

The World War I period was only an interlude in Colgate’s history and the University resumed its normal role easily and quickly at its end. Soon after the declaration of war in 1917 students were drilling on Whitnall Field and an unsuccessful attempt was initiated to have the War Department establish a training unit on the campus. As tension mounted approximately three-fourths of the student body of about 600 left by May to join the armed services or go into some form of “war , work,” especially farming, and the year closed on the 25th with no commencement. The University opened in October with an enrollment of 434 in the College, a reduction of about 20 percent from that in 1916. Under the direction of Lt. Col. James Ballentine, D.S.O., of Canada, all able-bodied students were required to take military drill. As far as possible classes and other activities went on as usual with the year ending early in May. From October to December 1918, however, Colgate was a military installation with a unit of the Students’ Army Training Corps under the command of Major L. B. Lawton, a West Point graduate who had served in the Spanish American War and in China, and a staff of eight officers. Of the 400 students in the College, 388 met the physical requirements and were inducted. In addition to two army units there was a naval section of 50 men. The dormitories became barracks, the Commons the mess hall, the Phi Kappa Psi house the naval quarters; the officers occupied the Delta Kappa Epsilon house and the gymnasium was the headquarters. Cooperation between the military staff and the faculty was cordial and Major Lawton sought to preserve some semblance of the spirit of peace time by such means as daily chapel, student “sings” and brief fraternity meetings on weekends. Athletics and most extracurricular activities were suspended.

Colgate’s war record shows that of about 3,000 living alumni 1,440 saw some form of service including S.A.T.C. Of these 363 held commissions: 283 in the Army, 55 in the Navy, 2 in the Marines, and 23 in the Chaplains Corps. Casualties among Colgate men numbered 22, the first of which was 1st Lieutenant Lloyd Ludwig, ’17, who was killed when his plane crashed on February 28, 1918.

With the war over, plans immediately went forward for Colgate’s

New team sports added (p. 281)

Student Army Training Corps, Presentation of Colors, World War I

By 1922 five sports had been added to the four-football, baseball, basketball and track-which had official team recognition; they were lacrosse, soccer, hockey, tennis and a rifle team. That they are all outdoor sports suggests the inadequacy of the gymnasium which was built when Colgate had about 300 students in the College, a figure which had more than doubled by 1922.

Football easily dominated the sports scene. Pre-eminent among the coaches was Lawrence H. Bankhart, a Dartmouth man, trained there under Frank Cavanaugh, one of the greatest football mentors. Not yet twenty-one when he came to Colgate in 1910, he quickly demonstrated his control of the players whom he taught with great skill and from whom he extracted every effort, physical and mental, of which they were capable. His period of service covered the seasons 1910, 1913-16, and 1919. It was under his coaching that the renowned teams of 1913, 1916, and 1919 achieved fame. Five of his players were chosen AII-American-Ellery C. Huntington, Jr., ’14, quarterback; Earl C. Abel, ’16, tackle; Oscar C. “Oc” Anderson, ’18, quarterback; Clarence E. “Steamer” Horning, ’17, tackle; and D. Belford “Belf” West, ’18, tackle. West was named All-American twice, in 1916 and 1919. Assisting Bankhart in his last season was Ellery C. Huntington, one of his protégés and the son of the Professor of Physical Education, who

Madisonensis becomes The Colgate Maroon (p. 276)

teams, and careful preparation and skillful coaching, all joined to produce outstanding achievements. Intercollegiate opponents included many of the leading Eastern institutions but Ohio Wesleyan was a perennial rival. Colgate made forensic history in 1917 by being the first men’s college to debate a team from a women’s school, the occasion being a contest with Vassar in which, by previous agreement, no decision was rendered.

Two new publications appeared on campus in the ’20’s. The first was Banter, typical of the contemporary college humor magazine with its jokes, often borrowed, drawings, and slick, bright covers. The first number with Henry N. Burke, ’21, as editor, ‘came out for the 1920 Junior Prom. The second publication, The Willow Path, was a student venture sponsored by the English Department to afford an outlet for undergraduate literary productions. It began in the spring of 1922 with a sizeable issue of 82 pages; Horace A. Woodmansee, ’22, was Managing Editor. The Madisonensis, meanwhile, had undergone various transformations in format and with the April 8, 1916, number became The Colgate Maroon.

As early as 1913 some undergraduates had built a “wireless apparatus” in Lathrop Hall and formed the “Radio Club of Colgate” to study radio communication and operate the station. Within a year, however, the group had reorganized as the Physical Society, a departmental club, and their initial interest was absorbed into a wider program.

Outdoor recreation was promoted by the Outing Club established in 1914 with the assistance of Professor Goodhue and patterned after a similar group at Dartmouth. Its emphasis was primarily on winter sports and in 1915 members represented Colgate at Dartmouth’s ski and snowshoe meet and winter carnival. Apparently their experience led the club, with fraternity cooperation, to sponsor a similar meet and a dance at Colgate a few weeks later, thus beginning the local Winter Carnival tradition. The club also promoted ski hikes and weekend trips to Big Moose Lake in the Adirondacks.

By 1910 Patrons’ Day was no longer observed and the students had taken over the occasion for Junior Prom, “the” social event of the year. One of its features, introduced in 1912, was the Freshman Circus in which the first-year men exercised their ingenuity in burlesquing faculty, students, and campus happenings.

Interclass rivalry continued to give zest to student life. The Mercury

Memorial Chapel (p. 268)

be well-organized appeals in the form of the annual alumni fund.

The early years of the Bryan administration saw renovation and adaptation of four old buildings. Work on the dormitories, West, and East Halls, which Dr. Merrill had planned and to which the growing enrollment of the College gave urgency, was completed-West in 1910 and East, with a Commons for feeding 100 in the basement, a year later. At the termination of Colgate Academy in 1912, its facilities became available for other uses. Administrative offices were moved from the Library to the academy building, henceforth known as the Administration Building, and Taylor Hall, which the Academy fraternities had occupied, was taken over for the post office and the YMCA.

The long recognized need for an infirmary was met in 1913 through the generosity of Mrs. James C. Colgate whose contributions enabled the University to acquire and equip the former Phi Kappa Psi fraternity house on East Pleasant Street for this purpose,

Though the College, Seminary, and Academy each had its own chapel, the College chapel had become so crowded by 1915 that only a part of the student body could be accommodated. Plans for a new building were drawn by Harding and Seaver, architects of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and a location chosen which would bring buildings together around the north quadrangle. The donor, Miss Mary Colgate, sister of James C. Colgate, who gave it in memory of their father, James B. Colgate, specified that it should be in the simple New England meeting house style. Construction began in the spring of 1917 and it was first used for the September 1918 convocation. Miss Colgate dedicated the building in June, 1920, and provided an endowment for its maintenance. Its symmetry and simple classical beauty have made a focal point on the Hill ever since.

By the early 1920’s the campus had grown into the park-like tract that its planners and creators, especially the landscape architect Ernest W. Bowditch, and Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds, James M. Taylor, had envisioned. The former died in 1918 and Dr. Taylor resigned two years later to be succeeded by Lt. Colonel James Ballantine, who had recently come to Colgate as Director of Military Instruction. Colgate’s buildings and grounds by 1922 had an estimated value of $1,100,000.

Though the size of the faculty had increased from 36 in 1908 to 48 in 1922 these figures are misleading since the first includes ,21 for the

Elmer B. Bryan becomes Colgate’s seventh president (p. 263)

Chapter XIII – THE BRYAN PERIOD, 1908-1922

Colgate’s seventh president, Elmer Burritt Bryan, relieved Dr. Crawshaw of his duties as president pro tem in the fall of 1909. The Dean had hoped that he himself might get the appointment and for a while Dr. Bryan was suspicious of him. In time, however, the President was to discover that no member of the faculty was more loyal and years later he graciously acknowledged that their relations had been entirely harmonious.

Unlike all except one of his predecessors, President George W. Smith, Dr. Bryan was not a clergyman but an educator. A Baptist, he came to Colgate from Franklin College, a denominational institution in Indiana whose president he had been since 1905. Born in Ohio, he spent most of his life in Indiana where he graduated from the State University in 1893 and taught in the public schools, at Butler College and at his Alma Mater. Following advanced study at Harvard and Clark Universities, he was Normal School Principal and Superintendent of Education in the Philippines.

Dean Crawshaw remembered the President as “a man not easily swerved or deterred.” He also noted that his strength was directed toward accomplishment not resistance. One of his excellent and useful qualities was a well-developed vein of humor which contributed to a sense of proportion. His droll and whimsical expressions gave spice to his conversation and vigor to his speeches, especially those to students. He sought and enjoyed contact with them on all occasions and astounded them with his uncanny memory of their names and accomplishments. Though he was often in pain because of a leg injury he could laugh at things and men and occasionally at himself.

Some of the administrative changes in the Bryan period reflect the

Institution of the Block C award by the Athletic Advisory Council (p. 260)

Sweet, ’01, and the manager was J. Ambler Williams, ’01. The first intercollegiate game was with the University of Vermont at Burlington on January 25th which Colgate lost 6 to 8, and the first home game was with Hamilton College February 2nd which Colgate won by a score of 20 to 19. From 1902 to 1905 Walter Runge matched his football accomplishments with those of equal skill on the basketball court. By 1908 enthusiasm for basketball in the winter and spring seemed to equal that for football in the fall.

The fine cinder track facilities of Whitnall Field aroused a new interest in field sports in which Colgate began to excel. The versatile Frank Castleman was as outstanding a sprinter as a football star and set four Colgate records which stood for at least twenty years. In 1903 the team won the New York State Intercollegiate Track Association pennant for the third straight year and in 1904 Castleman and the captain, C. Roy Nasmith, ’04, earned gold and silver medals at the St. Louis World’s Fair.

Baseball seems to have declined in popularity, though good teams represented Colgate, especially in 1900 and 1901. One observer attributed the lack of interest to the competition of other springtime activities such as track, tennis, and final examinations. To these might be added poor baseball weather and Junior Prom.

To recognize excellence in sports, the Block “C” annual award by the Athletic Advisory Council was instituted in 1900. The first recipients were members of the baseball, track and football teams with the latter being entertained at dinner at the President’s home by Dr. and Mrs. Merrill.

Hamilton Railroad Station c. 1910