Tag Archives: Salaries

University Studies established (p. 327)

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Sciences, and University Studies (embracing the core courses). Each was administered by a Director, subordinate to the Dean of the Faculty, for whom the five directors served as an advisory group.

Under Mr. Case the role of faculty as a deliberative body for discussing and deciding academic affairs was revived. Instead of meeting regularly only three times each year, as had been customary in the ’30’s, the faculty convened once a month. As a kind of “academic senate” there was the Educational Policy Committee which was set up in 1947 following the discharge of the Committee on the Post-War College after its report had been adopted. The membership included the President as chairman, the deans and some other administrative officers, and division directors, all ex officio, and elected faculty members who constituted the majority. Two ad hoc faculty committees, one on the Humanities and the Self-Study Committee, conducted extensive investigations of the curriculum and its possible revisions and of the efficiency of administrative and instructional procedures and made several recommendations, some of which were implemented. Likewise, four separate visiting committees of outside experts, invited to the campus in 1958, and 1960-’62, to examine the work of the Divisions, made helpful suggestions for improvements.

Closer relations between the faculty and Board of Trustees were promoted by the Faculty Conference Committee, first appointed in 1954 as a Liaison Committee, to consult with the Trustee Committee on Academic Affairs. It was useful in supplementing the President’s presentation to the full Board of faculty views and needs.

The faculty’s economic and organizational status improved greatly under Mr. Case’s administration. By 1960-61, the average salary for full-time members in all ranks reached more than $9,000. Fringe benefits, in addition, included the annuity and group insurance programs and payments of medical insurance premiums. In 1959 it was possible to revive the program of sabbatical leaves which had been in abeyance since 1929. Six months with full salary or a year on half salary was arranged to enable professors to travel, carry on research, and restore some of the energy expended over the preceding six years. Growing out of Post-War Committee discussions came a statement on academic freedom,tenure, and promotions adopted by Trustees and faculty in 1948-49.

Out of faculty and community discussions of the problems of the

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p. 321 – The Case Administration, 1942-1962

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Dean of Students, Kallgren, Dean of the College in 1943 to enable him to assume some of the President’s functions since Mr. Case often had to be away from the campus. The office of Assistant to the President was also established in 1943 and F. Reed Alvord, ’31, appointed to it; in 1945 he became Secretary of the University as well. To collect and preserve the University’s records and to supply information from them, Howard D. Williams, ’30, a member of the History Department, was appointed Archivist in 1947. The office of Dean of Faculty, abolished in 1934, was revived in 1945 with the appointment of Sidney J. French, Professor of Chemistry. The mounting burden of arranging for financial assistance and scholarships led to the creation of the position of Director of Student Aid to which William F. Griffith, ’33, was named in 1945; by 1957 he had become Dean of Admissions and Student Aid and was made Dean of Students a year later. The position of Vice-President for Development was established in 1958 and filled by Howard L. Jones, ’39, who had been Director of Development. Facilitating the work of these and other officers were the regular Administrative Staff meetings for discussion of problems and procedures which President Case instituted in 1942. Miss Gertrude E. Edgarton became the President’s Secretary also in 1942.

Anticipating the University’s post-war requirements, Mr. Case in 1943 appointed a faculty Committee on Needs and Resources and encouraged the Trustees and the Alumni Corporation to select similar groups; all three would cooperate in establishing a priority schedule of needs and canvass possible sources for meeting them. From this nucleus evolved the Development Council and the organization of a Development Office for which F. Gordon Boyce, ’39, became executive officer in 1946. Meanwhile, the annual Alumni Fund, thanks to the efforts of Carlton O. Miller, ’14, Alumni Secretary, and alumni workers throughout the country, had greatly increased goals which were met, making this resource most important in financing the University. Rapidly spiraling costs of all kinds gave special urgency to fund raising. With the blessing of the Committee on Needs and Resources, a successful drive was launched in 1947 to raise $250,000 for a Colgate infirmary and the Hamilton hospital. The most important single accomplishment was the Development Campaign begun in 1956 with an objective of $3,300,000 for raising faculty salaries, building a new library and an athletic center, and meeting operating costs of the

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Colgate Inn built (p. 298)

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Student Union, A1000-67 Folder 4, p298

would no longer be accommodated at the fraternity houses. George Cobb again headed the appeal for funds which alumni and friends gave as an affectionate tribute to Mr. Colgate. Norman F. S. Russell,’01, the capable and devoted Chairman of the Trustee Committee on Buildings and Grounds, was especially active in working with Mr. Chambers in designing the building and overseeing construction.

Though not a University property, Colgate Inn was an important center for many University activities. Built in 1925 by a corporation of alumni and local residents, it replaced the old Park House which had stood on the same site for over a century.

The faculty in 1922 numbered 54 of whom 6 were in the Seminary and 48 in the College. By 1942 the latter group reached 90. The ratio of teachers to students dropped from approximately 1 to 18 to 1 to 11. Often deceased or retiring professors were replaced by men in the instructors rank, a practice which lowered the average age and average salary. The salary scale, which in 1923, was very modest in

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p. 269 – The Bryan Period, 1908-1922

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College, 9 for the Seminary, and 6 for the Academy while the second includes 42 for the College, or double the number for 1908, and 6 for the Seminary. The salary scale gradually rose so that by 1921 it ranged from $1,600 for instructors to $3,500 for professors. In the absence of a systematic plan for retirement or for pensions it was customary for men to retire on half salary at the age of seventy.

Four Colgate faculty members were among the charter members of the national American Association of University Professors which first met in 1915; they were Dean Crawshaw and Professors Brigham, Child, and Berry. Believing their number too small as a basis for interesting local discussion meetings they recommended colleagues for membership in the organization and founded the Colgate Chapter late in 1917 or early in 1918.

Experience with the elective system at Colgate, as at other colleges, had made clear that the freedom of choice brought abuses. Dean Crawshaw asserted that the lack of concentration and continuity failed to give a well-balanced education adapted to individual needs and advocated a curriculum organized to give a student “mastery over certain subjects” rather than a superficial sampling. Primarily because of his, efforts, the faculty in 1909 adopted a program of majors and minors and the next year Professor John Greene, as Associate Dean, assisted Dean Cranshaw in giving students personal advice in selecting their courses. To supplement the program, the faculty in 1912 instituted a distribution requirement which provided that a student must complete a minimum of work in two groups, or subject-matter areas, outside that in which his major was listed. The groups were: Languages and Literature, Mathematics and Natural Science, and Mental and Social Science.

During the period immediately after World War I, the faculty felt that scholastic standards at Colgate, in common with other colleges, were declining or being maintained with increasing difficulty. Probable causes for the situation were thought to be the general unrest of the time, the non-intellectual reasons which induced many young people to go to college, extracurricular activities, ease of access to nearby cities, and the practice of the public and many alumni of rating an institution in terms of athletic victories. The two senior honorary societies, also, were concerned and so informed the faculty. In 1920 a committee headed by Dean Crawshaw reported after careful investi-

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p. 251 – The Merrill Presidency, 1899-1908

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Education Society Trustees, who were especially concerned over the poor furnace system of Eaton Hall, made it possible. In 1907 a stone power house with a five-boiler capacity was constructed to the south of Whitnall Field; two boilers installed; and a pipe-line to Eaton Hall laid. As occasion arose the main could be extended to the other buildings on the campus.

The size of the faculty grew from 29 in 1899 to 38 in 1908, the biggest change being in the College where the number increased from 16 to 21; in the Academy it rose from 6 to 10 while the figure remained at 7 in the Seminary. By 1908 the average salary in the College and Academy had reached slightly more than $1,700 and in the Seminary approximately $2,000, levels which the President felt were much too low.

During the Merrill period the chief curricular change was a revision of the Sophomore program in 1903 so that, except for a public speaking course, it consisted of electives chosen from three well-defined areas. Also, the Ph.B. was abolished and the philosophical and classical courses were amalgamated into a new arts course leading to the A.B. degree. The faculty took this action by nearly unanimous vote with the President and Professor Andrews alone opposing the move because it involved dropping Greek as a requirement for entering the arts course. Nevertheless, Dr. Merrill reluctantly accepted the change as in line with current practices of American colleges. Colgate now granted two degrees-A.B. and B.S.

The rapidly growing interest in science, as rising enrollments in science courses and the construction of Lathrop Hall and the Chemistry Building addition indicated, gave pause to Dean Crawshaw in 1906. He acknowledged, in his report to the President, that the facilities had been sorely needed but he called for equal emphasis and opportunity for the humanities as essential for liberal education which was the University’s primary purpose. There was no more staunch supporter of the Dean’s position than the President himself who had repeatedly stressed the importance of the humanities both in terms of course offerings and non-classroom activities, such as concerts and lectures, and who enthusiastically encouraged the expansion of the University’s art collection of plaster busts. and reproductions of classical sculpture housed in the Library.

Aside from the science courses, perhaps those in public speaking

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p. 224 – Colgate in the 1890’s

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the Seminary and Academy from six to seven. Four of the Seminary professors also taught in the College in 1890 but only one nine years later. Of the 1899 faculty, 15 of the 27 had been appointed since 1890-a rather remarkable turnover in less than a decade. These newcomers included: Albert P. Brigham (Geology and Natural History), Ralph W. Thomas (Rhetoric and Public Speaking), Melbourne S. Read (Philosophy), Charles W. ‘Spencer (History), Clement D. Child (Physics), Wayland M. Chester (Biology), George W. Banning (Director of the Gymnasium), George R. Berry (Semitic Languages), Arthur Jones (Homiletics), David F. Estes (New Testament Interpretation), and Frank L. Shepardson (Principal of the Academy).

Faculty appointments represented an attempt to get men of broader educational experience than the old faculty had. Of the new members, in 1899 three had Ph.D.’s, one an M.D. and four had taken advanced work at leading American universities and one at it European university. The first Ph.D., Ferdinand C. French, came in 1892. The Trustees granted leaves of absence to encourage graduate study and travel in Europe and several men took advantage of the opportunities.

Though James C. Colgate and his associates on the Provisional Committee stressed to the Board in 1891 that adequate compensation was necessary to attract and hold men of ability and promise, the Trustees do not appear to have been able to allocate sufficient funds for the purpose. Instructors’ salaries began at a point as low as $800; by 1899 those for senior professors had risen only from $2,200 to approximately $2,500. In resigning to go to the University of Chicago in 1892 Professor Terry frankly admitted to Mr. Colgate that salary was the chief factor in enticing him away.

Unless there were exceptional circumstances, tenure was not granted appointees until the expiration of their first year on the campus. In 1891 the Trustees established the rank of Associate Professor for those whose “experience and attainments” entitled them to a standing higher than that of instructor but not that of a professor. After 1894 the teachers of both the College and the Seminary organized as the University Faculty to act as single unit on matters of common concern yet each group continued to maintain its separate existence and functions.

During the ’90’s a slight shift in educational philosophy may be observed. Training a Christian ministry and an educated laity re-

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p. 187 – Administration, Faculty, and Instruction in the Dodge Era

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Prof. John J. Lewis, Bio File, p187Dr. Walter R. Brooks, '47, Bio File, p187
Dr. James M. Taylor, ’67
Picture of Taylor

 

represented the University; among them were funerals of the older faculty members and village worthies at which he delivered appropriate sermons of sympathy and appreciation. His handling many details relating to student behavior, which had hitherto taken great amounts of time at faculty meetings as well as the energies of the President, was a distinct advantage to Dr. Dodge.

The faculty of the entire University which numbered 13 in 1869 grew to 22 in 1890, primarily to keep pace with the rising enrollment in the preparatory and theological departments. Six of the earlier group and eight of the later group were ministers. Five professors on the staff at the beginning of the period were still active at its conclusion-Beebee, Osborn, Andrews, Harvey, and Taylor; all were graduates. Their long tenure may be explained to some degree, at least, by their devotion to the University and its purposes: of training young men for the ministry, and of Christian education. Like their colleagues elsewhere, they, too, accepted low incomes to enable the institution to sustain itself. In 1869 the professors’ salaries at Madison were $1,500; by the mid-’70’s substantial increases were possible, thanks in part to a matching gift from James B. Colgate, but by 1890 the scale for College

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p. 156 – Recovery and expansion, 1850-1869

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competence in teaching and his “high moral worth” made a most favorable impression, it was made permanent by request of his colleagues. He read and spoke French, German, Spanish, and Italian and had a good knowledge of Russian and Arabic. For use in his courses he produced a French grammar and reader. In 1865 the Trustees regretfully accepted his resignation. His career was to include professorships at Vassar, Yale and the University of Chicago.

Professor Ezra S. Gallup, who had taught the Classical languages since 1850, left in 1867. Newton L. Andrews, Class of 1862 and a Seminary graduate, Principal of the Grammar School since 1864 and Latin Professor since 1865, and Edward Judson, then studying in the theological department, took over Gallup’s classes. Andrews became Professor of Greek in 1868; a position he was to hold with great distinction for fifty years. Judson, son of Adoniram Judson, the noted missionary to Burma, had lived as a boy in Professor Dodge’s home and after three years in the college transferred to Brown where he graduated in 1865. He was Professor of Latin and Modern Languages at Madison from 1868 to 1874.

Three more appointments made in. 1868 completed the faculty roster: John J. Lewis, Professor of Logic and English Literature; Albert S. Bickmore, Professor of Natural History; and James M. Taylor, Instructor .in Mathematics. Lewis a former student at Madison (1860-63) and a Hamilton College alumnus of the Class of 1864, assumed part of the instruction formerly given by Professor Beebee so that the latter might devote all his time to civil and ecclesiastical history. He was an effective and highly esteemed member of the faculty until his death in 1884. Professor Bickmore, Class of 1860 at Dartmouth, had been an assistant to Louis Agassiz at Harvard and was well-known for his scientific articles and his Travels in the East Indian Archipelago. His two-year stay on the campus gave a notable impetus to instruction in science. Taylor, the last of the appointees, on graduating from-the College in 1867 had entered the Seminary where he completed the course two years later. It was in mathematics, however, that his real bent lay as his career of over fifty years as teacher and author revealed.

Most appointments to the faculty from 1850 to 1869 were made to the rank of full professor; there were exceptions-“adjunct professor,” lecturer, instructor, and tutor-for a few men who held these positions

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p. 110 – The removal controversy, 1847-1850

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funds for the University because the impression was current that the professors lacked piety “& that their ladies pattern too much after the vain & fashionable of the world in the manner & expense of their parties.”

Noteworthy as these personal and social irritations are as background for the Removal Controversy, they are overshadowed by financial matters. When the University Trustees first met in 1846, they had “a charter to sustain the dignity of a University but not a dollar of invested capital.” The Education Society had failed to obtain funds and carried a $20,000 debt. In the First Compact the University Board had agreed

to make earnest and extended efforts for the collection of an endowment sufficiently large, to exempt [the University] from the necessity of continued appeals to the Churches, but never so increased as to foster inaction in the Faculty, or independence of the Churches.

Their goal was $50,000, half of the income to be expended for the theological professors’ salaries and the remainder for general instruction. Nothing had been accomplished, however, by the time agitation for removal began.

The constantly depleted treasury had borne heavily on the faculty, who were not content to accept the frugal standard of living of their predecessors two decades before. Particularly vexatious was the inability of the Treasurer to pay them promptly at the end of each quarter. Professor Raymond, for example, was sometimes paid in $5.00 driblets. In 1847 the University Board raised the salary scale to $1,000 per year for theological professors and $800 for those in the collegiate department, but there was no assurance that these promises could be kept consistently.

The tide of dissatisfaction might have been stemmed had Nathaniel Kendrick been a younger man and in good health. His influence in the faculty, so significant in the past, had given way gradually before the energy and iniative of his colleagues, the oldest of whom, Conant, was his junior by twenty-six years. Though they greatly respected the venerable Nestor, some of these younger men were restive and discontented. In the Education Society, also, Dr. Kendrick ceased to be active because of the illness which confined him to his bed from 1845 until his death three years later. He and his generation were becoming historical figures. Deacon Olmstead died in 1842 and Samuel and

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p. 65 – The expanded program, 1833-1846

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Crozer Theological Seminary. Richardson, Spear, and Raymond, alone of the tutors, became regular faculty members.

By employing tutors and student assistants, the Trustees were able to keep down the cost of instruction. Though more full-time professors were needed, the faculty members concurred with the Board in its policy of making no such appointments and were willing to carry heavy teaching loads to keep expenses at a minimum. By 1836 their salaries had risen to $800 but they were still underpaid. Worse than being underpaid, however, was the frequent inability of the Treasurer to remit each quarter’s salary on time. Often the professors were forced to go deeply in debt to care for their families. Dr. Kendrick, keenly aware of their privations, reminded the Education Society that, since the faculty had been chosen to train young men for the ministry,

It is of utmost importance . . . that adequate provision be made for their support, in order that they may give themselves wholly to their appropriate labors, without being ‘distracted with private cares….*

Typical of the faculty’s spirit of sacrifice is Raymond’s statement to the Board that he had turned down-offers of more lucrative positions because of his “settled conviction of the permanent importance of this Institution” and his “attachment to’ the particular departments of instruction” over which he presided. When Professor Maginnis disclosed that because of inadequate recompense he was about to resign, the entire faculty went so far as to “express to the Ex[ecutive] Com[mittee] their full conviction that the continuance of Prof. Maginnis in the chair of Biblical Theology is of vital importance to the interests of the Institution” and to “assure the Com. that they will found no claim in their own behalf upon any arrangement which the Com. may deem it expedient to make in order to meet the pecuniary wants of Prof. Mag”[innis.]**

Even though often harassed by financial worries, the professors and their wives, formed “a circle, rarely surpassed … in its elements of congeniality, and in the rich sources of enjoyment which it opened to its members,” Professor A. C. Kendrick recalled forty years afterward. Three faculty families, the Spears, Eatons, and Conants, lived in

*Baptist Education Society, Annual Report , 1840, 18.

**John H. Raymond to Board of Trustees, Baptist Education Soceity, Jan. 12, 1843; Faculty Minutes, 1840-51, Mar. 25, 1841

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